The development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology poses challenges to national political security, data sovereignty, and social stability. This study, grounded in a holistic approach to national security, analyzes the risks of AI in areas such as data breaches and algorithmic bias. By comparing the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act, the U.S. AI Bill of Rights, and China’s existing legal regulations, the paper proposes a trinity regulatory framework of “risk classification-a balance of rigidity and flexibility-domain-specific governance.” This includes a dynamic evaluation model for risk classification, a balanced approach combining algorithm registration and sandbox regulation, and differentiated strategies for domain-specific governance. This framework provides a core pathway for China’s AI legal governance and contributes Chinese wisdom to global governance.
A holistic approach to national security; AI regulation; Risk classification; Data dominance.
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